Recent news
Publications
Aaron L. Holsteen; Dianmin Lin; Isaac Kauvar; Gordon Wetzstein; Mark L. Brongersma
A Light-Field Metasurface for High-Resolution Single-Particle Tracking Journal Article
In: Nano Lett., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 2267–2271, 2019.
@article{holsteen2019light,
title = {A Light-Field Metasurface for High-Resolution Single-Particle Tracking},
author = {Aaron L. Holsteen and Dianmin Lin and Isaac Kauvar and Gordon Wetzstein and Mark L. Brongersma},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04673},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-22},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = { 2267\textendash2271},
abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) single-particle tracking (SPT) is a key tool for studying dynamic processes in the life sciences. However, conventional optical elements utilizing light fields impose an inherent trade-off between lateral and axial resolution, preventing SPT with high spatiotemporal resolution across an extended volume. We overcome the typical loss in spatial resolution that accompanies light-field-based approaches to obtain 3D information by placing a standard microscope coverslip patterned with a multifunctional, light-field metasurface on a specimen. This approach enables an otherwise unmodified microscope to gather 3D information at an enhanced spatial resolution. We demonstrate simultaneous tracking of multiple fluorescent particles within a large 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.3 mm3 volume using a standard epi-fluorescent microscope with submicron lateral and micron-level axial resolution.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Three-dimensional (3D) single-particle tracking (SPT) is a key tool for studying dynamic processes in the life sciences. However, conventional optical elements utilizing light fields impose an inherent trade-off between lateral and axial resolution, preventing SPT with high spatiotemporal resolution across an extended volume. We overcome the typical loss in spatial resolution that accompanies light-field-based approaches to obtain 3D information by placing a standard microscope coverslip patterned with a multifunctional, light-field metasurface on a specimen. This approach enables an otherwise unmodified microscope to gather 3D information at an enhanced spatial resolution. We demonstrate simultaneous tracking of multiple fluorescent particles within a large 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.3 mm3 volume using a standard epi-fluorescent microscope with submicron lateral and micron-level axial resolution.
Soongyu Yi; Ming Zhou; Zongfu Yu; Pengyu Fan; Nader Behdad; Dianmin Lin; Ken Xingze Wang; Shanhui Fan; Mark Brongersma
Subwavelength angle-sensing photodetectors inspired by directional hearing in small animals Journal Article
In: Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 13, pp. 1143–1147, 2018.
@article{yi2018subwavelength,
title = {Subwavelength angle-sensing photodetectors inspired by directional hearing in small animals},
author = {Soongyu Yi and Ming Zhou and Zongfu Yu and Pengyu Fan and Nader Behdad and Dianmin Lin and Ken Xingze Wang and Shanhui Fan and Mark Brongersma },
doi = {10.1038/s41565-018-0278-9},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-29},
journal = {Nature Nanotechnology},
volume = {13},
pages = {1143\textendash1147},
abstract = {Sensing the direction of sounds gives animals clear evolutionary advantage. For large animals, with an ear-to-ear spacing that exceeds audible sound wavelengths, directional sensing is simply accomplished by recognizing the intensity and time differences of a wave impinging on its two ears. Recent research suggests that in smaller, subwavelength animals, angle sensing can instead rely on a coherent coupling of soundwaves between the two ears. Inspired by this natural design, here we show a subwavelength photodetection pixel that can measure both the intensity and incident angle of light. It relies on an electrical isolation and optical coupling of two closely spaced Si nanowires that support optical Mie resonances. When these resonators scatter light into the same free-space optical modes, a non-Hermitian coupling results that affords highly sensitive angle determination. By straightforward photocurrent measurements, we can independently quantify the stored optical energy in each nanowire and relate the difference in the stored energy between the wires to the incident angle of a light wave. We exploit this effect to fabricate a subwavelength angle-sensitive pixel with angular sensitivity, δθ = 0.32°.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sensing the direction of sounds gives animals clear evolutionary advantage. For large animals, with an ear-to-ear spacing that exceeds audible sound wavelengths, directional sensing is simply accomplished by recognizing the intensity and time differences of a wave impinging on its two ears. Recent research suggests that in smaller, subwavelength animals, angle sensing can instead rely on a coherent coupling of soundwaves between the two ears. Inspired by this natural design, here we show a subwavelength photodetection pixel that can measure both the intensity and incident angle of light. It relies on an electrical isolation and optical coupling of two closely spaced Si nanowires that support optical Mie resonances. When these resonators scatter light into the same free-space optical modes, a non-Hermitian coupling results that affords highly sensitive angle determination. By straightforward photocurrent measurements, we can independently quantify the stored optical energy in each nanowire and relate the difference in the stored energy between the wires to the incident angle of a light wave. We exploit this effect to fabricate a subwavelength angle-sensitive pixel with angular sensitivity, δθ = 0.32°.
Dianmin Lin; Aaron L. Holsteen; Elhanan Maguid; Pengyu Fan; Pieter G. Kik; Erez Hasman; Mark L. Brongersma
Polarization-independent metasurface lens employing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 26, no. 19, pp. 24835-24842, 2018.
@article{lin2018polarization,
title = {Polarization-independent metasurface lens employing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase},
author = {Dianmin Lin and Aaron L. Holsteen and Elhanan Maguid and Pengyu Fan and Pieter G. Kik and Erez Hasman and Mark L. Brongersma},
doi = {10.1364/OE.26.024835},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-17},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = { 24835-24842},
abstract = {Metasurface optical elements, optical phased arrays constructed from a dense arrangement of nanoscale antennas, are promising candidates for the next generation of flat optical components. Metasurfaces that rely on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase facilitate complete and efficient wavefront control. However, their operation typically requires control over the polarization state of the incident light to achieve a desired optical function. Here, we circumvent this inherent sensitivity to the incident polarization by multiplexing two metasurfaces that were designed to achieve the same optical function with incident light of opposite helicity. We analyze the optical performance of different multiplexing approaches, and demonstrate a subwavelength random interleaved polarization-independent metasurface lens operating in the visible spectrum, providing a diffraction-limited spot size for the shared-aperture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Metasurface optical elements, optical phased arrays constructed from a dense arrangement of nanoscale antennas, are promising candidates for the next generation of flat optical components. Metasurfaces that rely on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase facilitate complete and efficient wavefront control. However, their operation typically requires control over the polarization state of the incident light to achieve a desired optical function. Here, we circumvent this inherent sensitivity to the incident polarization by multiplexing two metasurfaces that were designed to achieve the same optical function with incident light of opposite helicity. We analyze the optical performance of different multiplexing approaches, and demonstrate a subwavelength random interleaved polarization-independent metasurface lens operating in the visible spectrum, providing a diffraction-limited spot size for the shared-aperture.
Dianmin Lin; Mauro Melli; Evgeni Poliakov; Pierre St. Hilaire; Scott Dhuey; Christophe Peroz; Stefano Cabrini; Mark L. Brongersma; Michael Klug
Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths Journal Article
In: Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 2286, 2017.
@article{lin2017optical,
title = {Optical metasurfaces for high angle steering at visible wavelengths},
author = {Dianmin Lin and Mauro Melli and Evgeni Poliakov and Pierre St. Hilaire and Scott Dhuey and Christophe Peroz and Stefano Cabrini and Mark L. Brongersma and Michael Klug},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-02167-4},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-23},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {7},
number = {2286},
abstract = {Metasurfaces have facilitated the replacement of conventional optical elements with ultrathin and planar photonic structures. Previous designs of metasurfaces were limited to small deflection angles and small ranges of the angle of incidence. Here, we have created two types of Si-based metasurfaces to steer visible light to a large deflection angle. These structures exhibit high diffraction efficiencies over a broad range of angles of incidence. We have demonstrated metasurfaces working both in transmission and reflection modes based on conventional thin film silicon processes that are suitable for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance devices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Metasurfaces have facilitated the replacement of conventional optical elements with ultrathin and planar photonic structures. Previous designs of metasurfaces were limited to small deflection angles and small ranges of the angle of incidence. Here, we have created two types of Si-based metasurfaces to steer visible light to a large deflection angle. These structures exhibit high diffraction efficiencies over a broad range of angles of incidence. We have demonstrated metasurfaces working both in transmission and reflection modes based on conventional thin film silicon processes that are suitable for the large-scale fabrication of high-performance devices.
Dianmin Lin; Aaron L. Holsteen; Elhanan Maguid; Gordon Wetzstein; Pieter G. Kik; Erez Hasman; Mark L. Brongersma
Photonic multitasking interleaved Si nanoantenna phased array Journal Article
In: Nano Lett., vol. 16, pp. 7671, 2016.
@article{Lin:2016,
title = {Photonic multitasking interleaved Si nanoantenna phased array},
author = {Dianmin Lin and Aaron L. Holsteen and Elhanan Maguid and Gordon Wetzstein and Pieter G. Kik and Erez Hasman and Mark L. Brongersma},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03505},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-18},
journal = {Nano Lett.},
volume = {16},
pages = {7671},
abstract = {Metasurfaces provide unprecedented control over light propagation by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on an incident electromagnetic wave. They can improve the performance of conventional optical elements and facilitate the creation of optical components with new functionalities and form factors. Here, we build on knowledge from shared aperture phased array antennas and Si-based gradient metasurfaces to realize various multifunctional metasurfaces capable of achieving multiple distinct functions within a single surface region. As a key point, we demonstrate that interleaving multiple optical elements can be accomplished without reducing the aperture of each subelement. Multifunctional optical elements constructed from Si-based gradient metasurface are realized, including axial and lateral multifocus geometric phase metasurface lenses. We further demonstrate multiwavelength color imaging with a high spatial resolution. Finally, optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation has been obtained by using multifunctional metasurfaces, which opens up new opportunities for the field of advanced imaging and display.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Metasurfaces provide unprecedented control over light propagation by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on an incident electromagnetic wave. They can improve the performance of conventional optical elements and facilitate the creation of optical components with new functionalities and form factors. Here, we build on knowledge from shared aperture phased array antennas and Si-based gradient metasurfaces to realize various multifunctional metasurfaces capable of achieving multiple distinct functions within a single surface region. As a key point, we demonstrate that interleaving multiple optical elements can be accomplished without reducing the aperture of each subelement. Multifunctional optical elements constructed from Si-based gradient metasurface are realized, including axial and lateral multifocus geometric phase metasurface lenses. We further demonstrate multiwavelength color imaging with a high spatial resolution. Finally, optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation has been obtained by using multifunctional metasurfaces, which opens up new opportunities for the field of advanced imaging and display.
Dianmin Lin
Flat optics based on dielectric gradient metasurfaces PhD Thesis
Stanford University, 2016.
@phdthesis{DianminLinthesis,
title = {Flat optics based on dielectric gradient metasurfaces},
author = {Dianmin Lin
},
url = {http://purl.stanford.edu/fd119kf6517},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-08-01},
school = {Stanford University},
abstract = {Metasurfaces provide unprecedented control over light propagation by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on incident electromagnetic waves. They have contributed to the replacement of bulky optical components with ultrathin planar elements. They can also improve the performance of conventional optical elements and facilitate the creation of optical components with new functionalities. We first describe the operating principles and the experimental demonstration of dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements (DGMOEs) that capitalize on the development of high-index dielectric optical antenna and Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements. In particular, we illustrate how ultrathin gratings, lenses, and axicons, operating in transmission mode in the visible spectrum, can be realized by patterning a 100-nm-thin Si layer into a dense arrangement of judiciously arranged nanostructures. Additionally, we build on the knowledge obtained from the development of shared-aperture phased array antennas and Si-based gradient metasurfaces to fabricate various multifunctional metasurfaces capable of achieving multiple distinct functions within a single surface. In particular, we demonstrate that interleaving of multiple optical elements can be accomplished without reducing the aperture of each sub-element. Multifunctional optical elements constructed from a Si-based gradient metasurface are realized, including polarization-independent metasurfaces and axial and color separating metasurface lenses. We also demonstrate multi-wavelength color imaging with high spatial resolution using an axial multifunctional metasurface. Finally, an optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation is obtained using a color separating metasurface. Lastly, we develop a multiplexed metasurface lens array based on multi-functional dielectric gradient metasurfaces to replace the conventional microlens array in light-field imaging applications. The multiplexed metasurface lens arrays allow simultaneous 3D imaging at a high spatial resolution, which overcomes the trade-off between spatial and angular resolutions when using a conventional microlens array constructed from a series of lenslets with a small aperture size. These Si-based gradient metasurfaces offer facile integration with electronics and can be manufactured using mature semiconductor fabrication techniques. They open up a myriad of opportunities in the fields of optical communications, advanced computational imaging and display systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Metasurfaces provide unprecedented control over light propagation by imparting local, space-variant phase changes on incident electromagnetic waves. They have contributed to the replacement of bulky optical components with ultrathin planar elements. They can also improve the performance of conventional optical elements and facilitate the creation of optical components with new functionalities. We first describe the operating principles and the experimental demonstration of dielectric gradient metasurface optical elements (DGMOEs) that capitalize on the development of high-index dielectric optical antenna and Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements. In particular, we illustrate how ultrathin gratings, lenses, and axicons, operating in transmission mode in the visible spectrum, can be realized by patterning a 100-nm-thin Si layer into a dense arrangement of judiciously arranged nanostructures. Additionally, we build on the knowledge obtained from the development of shared-aperture phased array antennas and Si-based gradient metasurfaces to fabricate various multifunctional metasurfaces capable of achieving multiple distinct functions within a single surface. In particular, we demonstrate that interleaving of multiple optical elements can be accomplished without reducing the aperture of each sub-element. Multifunctional optical elements constructed from a Si-based gradient metasurface are realized, including polarization-independent metasurfaces and axial and color separating metasurface lenses. We also demonstrate multi-wavelength color imaging with high spatial resolution using an axial multifunctional metasurface. Finally, an optical imaging functionality with simultaneous color separation is obtained using a color separating metasurface. Lastly, we develop a multiplexed metasurface lens array based on multi-functional dielectric gradient metasurfaces to replace the conventional microlens array in light-field imaging applications. The multiplexed metasurface lens arrays allow simultaneous 3D imaging at a high spatial resolution, which overcomes the trade-off between spatial and angular resolutions when using a conventional microlens array constructed from a series of lenslets with a small aperture size. These Si-based gradient metasurfaces offer facile integration with electronics and can be manufactured using mature semiconductor fabrication techniques. They open up a myriad of opportunities in the fields of optical communications, advanced computational imaging and display systems.
